中央情报局 (CIA) 与联邦调查局 (FBI) - 有什么区别？

When discussing intelligence and law enforcement on the American stage, two national security agencies come to mind: CIA and FBI.

当讨论美国舞台上的情报和执法时，人们会想到两个国家安全机构：中央情报局和联邦调查局。

These entities, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), stand as pillars in the realm of national security and criminal investigation.

这些实体，中央情报局（CIA）和联邦调查局（FBI），是国家安全和刑事调查领域的支柱。

Yet, when comparing CIA vs FBI, what distinguishes one from the other?

然而，在比较中央情报局和联邦调查局时，两者有何区别？

Delving into their intricate worlds, we embark on a journey to unravel the distinctive roles, historical origins, and contrasting attributes that set the CIA and FBI apart.

深入研究他们错综复杂的世界，我们踏上旅程，揭开中央情报局和联邦调查局的独特角色、历史渊源以及截然不同的属性。

In this article, we’ll not only shed light on their functions but also uncover the unique narratives that have shaped their identities over time.

在本文中，我们不仅将阐明它们的功能，还将揭示随着时间的推移塑造它们身份的独特叙述。

What is the CIA? 中央情报局是什么？

The CIA, known as the Central Intelligence Agency, serves as the primary intelligence-gathering entity within the U.S. government.

中央情报局（CIA）被称为中央情报局，是美国政府内的主要情报收集实体。

It was founded in 1947 and operates under the authority of the Department of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence.

它成立于 1947 年，在国防部和国家情报总监的领导下运作。

The logo of the CIA

中央情报局的标志

Its fundamental objective is to acquire and evaluate data pertaining to foreign governments, corporations, and individuals.

其基本目标是获取和评估有关外国政府、公司和个人的数据。

This extensive information aids in shaping U.S. policy and making critical national security choices.

这些广泛的信息有助于制定美国政策和做出关键的国家安全选择。

As of 2023, the current director of the CIA is William J. Burns, coming into the role on March 19th, 2021.

截至 2023 年，现任中央情报局局长为威廉·J·伯恩斯 (William J. Burns) ，于 2021 年 3 月 19 日就任。

What is the History of the CIA?中央情报局的历史是什么？

The CIA has a relatively short but impactful history.

中央情报局的历史相对较短但影响深远。

It was born out of the need for a centralised intelligence agency after World War II.

它的诞生是出于二战后对中央情报机构的需要。

President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which established the CIA, recognizing the importance of having a dedicated organisation to gather and assess intelligence.

哈里·S·杜鲁门 (Harry S. Truman) 总统签署了1947 年《国家安全法》 ，设立了中央情报局 (CIA)，认识到建立专门组织来收集和评估情报的重要性。

The history of the CIA is marked by key milestones that reflect its profound impact on global intelligence and security.

中央情报局的历史有许多重要的里程碑，反映了其对全球情报和安全的深远影响。

Cold War Espionage 冷战时期的间谍活动

The Cold War era saw the CIA heavily engaged in espionage, surveillance, and covert operations.

冷战时期，中央情报局大量从事间谍、监视和秘密行动。

It played a central role in intelligence gathering on the Soviet Union and its allies, helping to shape U.S. foreign policy.

它在收集苏联及其盟国的情报方面发挥了核心作用，帮助制定了美国的外交政策。

Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis猪湾事件和古巴导弹危机

The CIA’s involvement in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a significant but failed operation.

中央情报局参与了 1961 年入侵古巴的猪湾事件，这是一次意义重大但失败的行动。

However, during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the CIA’s intelligence played a crucial role in identifying and addressing the threat of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

然而，在1962年古巴导弹危机期间，中央情报局的情报在识别和应对苏联导弹对古巴的威胁方面发挥了至关重要的作用。

Counterterrorism Efforts 反恐努力

In response to the growing threat of terrorism, the CIA intensified its counterterrorism efforts.

为了应对日益严重的恐怖主义威胁，中央情报局加大了反恐力度。

It played a key role in tracking down and eliminating terrorist leaders, including Osama bin Laden.

它在追踪和消灭包括奥萨马·本·拉登在内的恐怖分子领导人方面发挥了关键作用。

Controversies and Criticisms争议与批评

The CIA has faced criticism and controversy throughout its history, particularly regarding covert operations, allegations of human rights abuses, and questions about transparency and accountability.

中央情报局在其历史上一直面临批评和争议，特别是在秘密行动、侵犯人权指控以及透明度和问责制问题方面。

Modern Challenges 现代挑战

In the 21st century, the CIA faces new challenges, including cybersecurity threats, emerging technologies, and evolving geopolitical landscapes.

在 21 世纪，中央情报局面临着新的挑战，包括网络安全威胁、新兴技术和不断变化的地缘政治格局。

It continues to adapt to address these issues.

它不断适应以解决这些问题。

Secrecy and Intelligence Gathering保密和情报收集

Much of the CIA’s work remains classified and shrouded in secrecy.

中央情报局的大部分工作仍然处于机密状态。

Its agents operate worldwide, collecting intelligence and conducting covert operations in the interest of national security.

其特工在世界各地活动，为了国家安全收集情报并进行秘密行动。

The CIA’s history is a complex tapestry of espionage, intelligence analysis, and covert actions that have significantly shaped U.S. foreign policy and national security.

中央情报局的历史是一部复杂的间谍活动、情报分析和秘密行动，对美国的外交政策和国家安全产生了重大影响。

Its legacy is both celebrated and scrutinised, reflecting the intricate nature of intelligence agencies in a rapidly changing world.

它的遗产受到赞扬和审查，反映了情报机构在快速变化的世界中的复杂性质。

What is the FBI? 联邦调查局是什么？

The FBI, or Federal Bureau of Investigation, stands as the nation’s foremost federal law enforcement agency.

FBI，即联邦调查局，是美国最重要的联邦执法机构。

Established in 1908, it functions under the authority of the U.S. Department of Justice.

它成立于 1908 年，在美国司法部的管辖下运作。

The logo of the FBI

联邦调查局的标志

The FBI has a multifaceted mission encompassing the enforcement of federal laws, the investigation of criminal activities, and safeguarding the United States from both domestic and international threats.

联邦调查局肩负着多方面的使命，包括执行联邦法律、调查犯罪活动以及保护美国免受国内和国际威胁。

As of 2023, the current director of the FBI is Christopher A. Wray, coming into the role on August 2nd, 2017.

截至 2023 年，现任联邦调查局局长为克里斯托弗·A·雷 (Christopher A. Wray) ，于 2017 年 8 月 2 日就任。

What is the History of the FBI?联邦调查局的历史是什么？

The FBI, on the other hand, has a longer history, dating back to its founding by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte in 1908.

另一方面，联邦调查局 (FBI) 的历史更为悠久，可以追溯到 1908 年由司法部长查尔斯·波拿巴 (Charles Bonaparte) 创立的机构。

Originally, it was called the Bureau of Investigation and was tasked with investigating and prosecuting crimes related to federal laws.

最初，它被称为调查局，负责调查和起诉与联邦法律有关的犯罪行为。

The FBI boasts a rich history, with key developments that have shaped its role in American law enforcement.

联邦调查局拥有丰富的历史，其重大发展塑造了其在美国执法中的作用。

Becoming the FBI in 19351935 年成为联邦调查局 (FBI)

In 1935, it officially became the Federal Bureau of Investigation, reflecting its broader jurisdiction and responsibilities.

1935年，它正式成为联邦调查局，体现了其更广泛的管辖范围和职责。

Prohibition and Gangsters禁令与黑帮

During the Prohibition era, the FBI gained notoriety for its pursuit and capture of high-profile gangsters like Al Capone.

在禁酒令时期，联邦调查局因追捕阿尔·卡彭等知名黑帮而声名狼藉。

This period marked the agency’s transition from investigating primarily white-collar crimes to combating organised crime.

这一时期标志着该机构从主要调查白领犯罪转向打击有组织犯罪。

Civil Rights Era 民权时代

The FBI played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement, investigating hate crimes and racial violence, and providing security for civil rights leaders.

联邦调查局在民权运动中发挥了关键作用，调查仇恨犯罪和种族暴力，并为民权领袖提供安全保障。

Counterterrorism Post-9/119/11 后反恐

After the 9/11 attacks, the FBI’s mission expanded significantly to prioritise counterterrorism efforts.

9/11 袭击事件发生后，联邦调查局的任务显着扩大，优先考虑反恐工作。

It established Joint Terrorism Task Forces to enhance intelligence-sharing and coordination.

它成立了联合恐怖主义特别工作组，以加强情报共享和协调。

Cybercrime and Modern Challenges网络犯罪和现代挑战

With the rise of the internet, the FBI adapted to combat cybercrime, including hacking, online fraud, and cyber espionage.

随着互联网的兴起，联邦调查局开始打击网络犯罪，包括黑客攻击、网络欺诈和网络间谍活动。

It continues to evolve to address modern threats.

它不断发展以应对现代威胁。

Criminal Investigations 刑事调查

While terrorism and cybercrime have taken centre stage, the FBI continues to investigate a wide range of criminal activities, from white-collar crimes to public corruption.

虽然恐怖主义和网络犯罪已成为焦点，但联邦调查局仍在继续调查从白领犯罪到公共腐败等各种犯罪活动。

Controversies and Scrutiny争议与审查

Throughout its history, the FBI has faced controversies and scrutiny, such as the investigation of political figures and concerns about civil liberties.

纵观其历史，联邦调查局一直面临争议和审查，例如对政治人物的调查和对公民自由的担忧。

Global Reach 全球影响力

The FBI maintains a global presence in U.S. embassies worldwide, enhancing international cooperation on criminal matters.

联邦调查局在世界各地的美国大使馆内设有办事处，加强刑事事务上的国际合作。

The FBI’s history spans over a century, encompassing its evolution from a federal investigative agency to a multifaceted organisation addressing various forms of crime and national security threats.

联邦调查局的历史跨越一个多世纪，涵盖了从联邦调查机构到解决各种形式的犯罪 和国家安全威胁的多层面组织的演变。

Its legacy is marked by iconic moments in law enforcement history, as well as ongoing adaptations to meet the challenges of the modern world.

它的遗产以执法史上的标志性时刻为标志，并不断进行调整以应对现代世界的挑战。

CIA vs FBI – How are they Different?中央情报局 (CIA) 与联邦调查局 (FBI) – 它们有何不同？

The CIA, officially known as the Central Intelligence Agency, is primarily tasked with gathering foreign intelligence.

中央情报局（CIA），正式名称为中央情报局，主要任务是收集外国情报。

Its mission is to collect and analyse information related to foreign governments, organisations, and individuals to provide intelligence assessments to U.S. policymakers.

其使命是收集和分析与外国政府、组织和个人相关的信息，为美国决策者提供情报评估。

Essentially, it focuses on understanding and addressing international threats and opportunities.

从本质上讲，它侧重于理解和应对国际威胁和机遇。

On the other hand, the FBI has a domestic mandate.

另一方面，联邦调查局拥有国内授权。

Its primary mission is to uphold and enforce federal laws within the United States.

其主要使命是在美国境内维护和执行联邦法律。

This means investigating and combating criminal activities that occur within the country’s borders, including but not limited to counterterrorism, cybercrime, organised crime, civil rights violations, and public corruption.

这意味着调查和打击发生在该国境内的犯罪活动，包括但不限于反恐、网络犯罪、有组织犯罪、侵犯公民权利和公共腐败。

The FBI is responsible for maintaining law and order on a federal level within the United States.

联邦调查局负责维护美国联邦一级的法律和秩序。

Jurisdiction 管辖权

One of the most significant distinctions lies in their jurisdiction.

最重要的区别之一在于它们的管辖范围。

The CIA operates beyond U.S. borders, conducting intelligence operations on a global scale.

中央情报局在美国境外开展活动，在全球范围内开展情报行动。

The CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia

位于弗吉尼亚州兰利的中央情报局总部

It focuses on external threats to U.S. national security, making it primarily concerned with international affairs.

它关注美国国家安全面临的外部威胁，使其主要关注国际事务。

In contrast, the FBI operates strictly within the United States.

相比之下，联邦调查局严格在美国境内运作。

Its jurisdiction is domestic, and it deals with internal matters related to federal law enforcement.

它的管辖权是国内的，处理与联邦执法有关的内部事务。

This includes investigating crimes that occur within the country and addressing threats on American soil.

这包括调查国内发生的犯罪行为并解决美国领土上的威胁。

While the FBI does have a role in counterterrorism and counterintelligence, these efforts are directed at both domestic and international threats that have an impact within the United States.

虽然联邦调查局确实在反恐和反情报方面发挥着作用，但这些努力是针对在美国境内产生影响的国内和国际威胁。

Secrecy vs. Transparency 保密与透明

Another notable difference is in their approach to secrecy and transparency.

另一个显着的区别是他们的保密和透明度方法。

The CIA is renowned for its clandestine operations and a high degree of secrecy.

中央情报局以其秘密行动和高度保密而闻名。

Many of its activities, particularly covert operations, are rarely disclosed to the public. The nature of its work often requires discretion and confidentiality.

它的许多活动，特别是秘密行动，很少向公众披露。其工作性质通常需要谨慎和保密。

Conversely, the FBI operates with a comparatively higher degree of transparency.

相反，FBI 的运作透明度相对较高。

While it also conducts classified investigations when necessary, it frequently interacts with local law enforcement agencies, shares information with state and local authorities, and maintains a more visible presence in communities across the United States.

虽然它也在必要时进行分类调查，但它经常与当地执法机构互动，与州和地方当局共享信息，并在美国各地的社区中保持更明显的存在。

This transparency is essential for the FBI’s mission, which involves enforcing federal laws and collaborating with other law enforcement agencies.

这种透明度对于联邦调查局的使命至关重要，其中包括执行联邦法律并与其他执法机构合作。

The leadership structures of these agencies also differ.

这些机构的领导结构也有所不同。

The CIA is led by a Director who reports to the Director of National Intelligence and, ultimately, to the President of the United States.

中央情报局由一名主任领导，该主任向国家情报总监报告，并最终向美国总统报告。

This chain of command ensures coordination between intelligence agencies and the executive branch.

这一指挥系统确保情报机构和行政部门之间的协调。

The FBI is led by a Director who is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

联邦调查局由一名局长领导，该局长由总统任命并经参议院确认。

While the FBI Director serves a ten-year term to insulate the position from political influence, the agency operates as part of the U.S. Department of Justice, maintaining a separate but interconnected role within the federal government.

虽然联邦调查局局长的任期为十年，以使其职位免受政治影响，但该机构作为美国司法部的一部分运作，在联邦政府内保持独立但相互关联的角色。

While both the CIA and the FBI are critical components of U.S. national security, they have distinct missions, jurisdictions, levels of secrecy, and leadership structures.

虽然中央情报局和联邦调查局都是美国国家安全的重要组成部分，但它们具有不同的使命、管辖权、保密级别和领导结构。

Understanding these differences is essential to appreciate the complementary roles they play in safeguarding the United States’ interests and security, both at home and abroad.

了解这些差异对于理解它们在维护美国国内外利益和安全方面所发挥的互补作用至关重要。

CIA vs FBI – How are they Similar?中央情报局 (CIA) 与联邦调查局 (FBI) – 它们有何相似之处？

National Security 国家安全

Despite their contrasting missions and jurisdictions, both the CIA and the FBI play critical roles in safeguarding the national security of the United States.

尽管任务和管辖权截然不同，中央情报局和联邦调查局在维护美国国家安全方面都发挥着关键作用。

They are essential components of the country’s security apparatus, working in tandem to protect its interests.

它们是国家安全机构的重要组成部分，共同努力保护国家利益。

Intelligence Sharing 情报共享

Collaboration and intelligence sharing between these agencies are crucial.

这些机构之间的合作和情报共享至关重要。

While they have distinct focuses and operate in different spheres, there are numerous situations where their interests intersect.

虽然他们有不同的重点并在不同的领域开展业务，但他们的利益在很多情况下都有交叉。

In these cases, information sharing becomes vital to ensuring a comprehensive approach to addressing security threats.

在这些情况下，信息共享对于确保采取全面的方法解决安全威胁至关重要。

For instance, the CIA, with its global reach, often gathers intelligence on international threats and activities that could impact U.S. national security.

例如，中央情报局具有全球影响力，经常收集有关可能影响美国国家安全的国际威胁和活动的情报。

This information is shared with the FBI to aid in domestic counterterrorism efforts.

这些信息与联邦调查局共享，以协助国内反恐工作。

Conversely, the FBI provides valuable insights into domestic threats and criminal activities that could have international implications.

相反，联邦调查局提供了有关可能产生国际影响的国内威胁和犯罪活动的宝贵见解。

Both agencies maintain a high standard for their personnel.

两个机构都对其人员保持高标准。

They employ highly skilled and dedicated professionals who undergo rigorous training to excel in their respective roles.

他们聘请了高技能且敬业的专业人员，他们经过严格的培训，能够在各自的岗位上表现出色。

Whether it’s CIA officers working undercover overseas or FBI agents conducting investigations on American soil, the commitment to excellence and security is a shared value.

无论是在海外从事卧底工作的中央情报局官员，还是在美国本土进行调查的联邦调查局特工，对卓越和安全的承诺都是共同的价值观。

While the CIA and FBI have distinct missions and areas of operation, their shared commitment to national security, intelligence sharing, counterterrorism efforts, and the employment of highly trained personnel highlight their common goal: protecting the United States and its citizens from threats, both foreign and domestic.

虽然中央情报局和联邦调查局有不同的使命和行动领域，但他们对国家安全、情报共享、反恐努力以及雇用训练有素的人员的共同承诺凸显了他们的共同目标：保护美国及其公民免受外国威胁和国内。

These commonalities underscore the interconnected nature of U.S. national security efforts.

这些共性凸显了美国国家安全努力的相互关联性。

In the world of intelligence and law enforcement, the CIA and FBI are essential players with distinct roles.

在情报和执法领域，中央情报局和联邦调查局是扮演不同角色的重要参与者。

The CIA, born out of the need for foreign intelligence gathering, focuses on international matters and advising policymakers.

中央情报局是出于收集外国情报的需要而诞生的，专注于国际事务并为政策制定者提供建议。

The FBI, with its longer history, operates domestically, upholding federal laws and investigating crimes.

联邦调查局历史悠久，在国内运作，维护联 邦法律并调查犯罪。

While their missions and jurisdictions vary significantly, they also share common goals of protecting the nation’s security, collaborating on intelligence sharing, and combating terrorism.

虽然它们的使命和管辖范围差异很大，但它们也有共同的目标，即保护国家安全、合作情报共享和打击恐怖主义。

Understanding the differences and similarities between these agencies is crucial for appreciating the complex landscape of national security in the United States.

了解这些机构之间的差异和相似之处对于理解美国国家安全的复杂格局至关重要。