​英语的副词

英语的副词

英语的副词

定义

副词是用于修饰下列词：

动词 (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)形容词 (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)另外一个副词(She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

正如我们将看到的，副词通常表示某事在何时、何地、为什么或在什么条件下发生或发生过。副词通常以-ly结尾;然而，许多不以-ly结尾的单词和短语具有状语功能，以-ly结尾的单词并不能保证这个单词是副词。例如，lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly这些词都是形容词:

That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

如果一组包含主语和动词的词充当副词(修饰句子的动词)，它被称为状语从句:

When this class is over, we're going to the movies.

当一组不包含主语和动词的词作为副词时，它被称为状语短语。介词短语通常具有状语功能(说明地点和时间，修饰动词):

He went to the movies.She works on holidays.They lived in Canada during the war.

不定式短语可以用作副词(通常是说明原因):

She hurried to the mainland to see her brother.The senator ran to catch the bus.

但是还有其他类型的状语短语:

He calls his mother as often as possible.

副词可以修饰形容词，但形容词不能修饰副词。因此，我们会说“the students showed a really wonderful attitude”，

“ the students showed a wonderfully casual attitude”，

“ my professor is really tall，但不是“He ran real fast.”。

副词和形容词一样，也有比较级和最高级来表示程度。

Walk faster if you want to keep up with me.The student who reads fastest will finish first.

我们经常用more和most, less和least来表示副词的程度:

With sneakers on, she could move more quickly among the patients.The flowers were the most beautifully arranged creations I've ever seen.She worked less confidently after her accident.That was the least skillfully done performance I've seen in years.

as - as结构可以用来创造表达相同或平等的副词:“He can't run as fast as his sister.”

少数副词有两种形式，一种以-ly结尾，另一种不以-ly结尾。在某些情况下，这两种形式有不同的含义:

He arrived late.Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything.

然而，在大多数情况下，不带-ly结尾的形式应该保留在随意的情况下:

She certainly drives slow in that old Buick of hers.He did wrong by her.He spoke sharp, quick, and to the point.

副词通常起加强语气的作用，表达对某事或多或少的强调。加强语气据说有三种不同的功能:它们可以强调、放大或减弱语气。下面是一些例子:

强调:I really don't believe him.He literally wrecked his mother's car.She simply ignored me.They're going to be late, for sure.放大s:The teacher completely rejected her proposal.I absolutely refuse to attend any more faculty meetings.They heartily endorsed the new restaurant.I so wanted to go with them.We know this city well.减弱:I kind of like this college.Joe sort of felt betrayed by his sister.His mother mildly disapproved his actions.We can improve on this to some extent.The boss almost quit after that.The school was all but ruined by the storm.

副词(以及形容词)在不同程度上都可以和前修饰语连用:

She runs very fast.We're going to run out of material all the faster